I will not load you with the fact that the font options are italic, inclined, bold, fat, wide, what is a size ... you all know it and so, you can call it something else (or do not call it).
The most interesting for us to know about the fonts is Cyrillic, so that the Russian encoding is correctly read.
This is the main problem. We send email, but get hieroglyphs. We prepare the text for the printing house and ... again the hieroglyphics. We make the page of the site ... and here are the hieroglyphs.
It was once a matter of choosing fonts, and once a programming issue.
Formats
The fact is that there are 2 widely used font types
TrueType and
Type1. The first is the main one in Windows, the second one for the printing house, it is also called PostScript. So, if you have problems with correctly displaying a font when printing in a printing house, do not worry, just use Type1. Sometimes the printing house can simply write down a set of fonts, use it and use it.
OpenType - the new format, completely identical to the above, there are two versions of this format:
- OpenType/TT - is based on the TrueType language
- OpenType/PS - is based on PostScript.
Embedded OpenType Font - Opens automatically when using a font in a document, for example, in a web page.
Font extensions
- .acfm - Adobe Composite font measurement file
- .afm - Metric font file for Adobe
- .amfm - Adobe Multiple font measurement file
- .bdf - ASCII font
- .chr - Configuring characters for Borland fonts
- .eot - OpenType font file
- .fnt - Windows Font File
- .fon - Font File
- .gdr - Symbian OS font file
- .mcf - Font definitions for the Watchtower Library
- .otf - OpenType font
- .pcf - PaintCAD font
- .pfa - ASCII font file of the printer
- .pfb - A binary font file for printing
- .pfm - Metric font data file
- .pfr - Portable font resource file
- .ttc - TrueType fonts collection
- .ttf - TrueType font
- .vnf - Type3 font file
- .xfn - Corel Ventura printer font file
- .xft - ChiWriter printer font file
Font Classification
- Serif - serif fonts, ex. Times, Georgia, Garamond.
- Sanserif - sans serif fonts, ex. Arial, Verdana, Tahoma.
- Handwritten fonts.
- Decorative fonts.
- Character fonts, ex. Wingdings, Webdings.
Fonts with serifs are better for newspapers and prints because they are easier to read. Many of our newspapers do not care about this, believing that Arial and the like. More modern and beautiful, absolutely not caring about readability.
Fonts sans serifs, are more suitable for displaying text to a computer. On the screen of the text in Times looks angular.
Fonts and Internet
If you want your text to look correct on any computer, use one of the system fonts:
- Arial
- Courier
- Times
These fonts are Unicode, so you will not have problems with displaying characters and letters of other alphabets.
You can also use ex. Fonts:
- Verdana
- Tahoma
- Wingdings
- Comic Sans MS
In these cases, it is recommended to specify not one, but several fonts, eg
<STYLE type="text/css">
BODY, TD {FONT: 11px Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
</STYLE>
Here the Verdana font will be used, if it is not, then Geneva and so on, if none of the above are listed, then any sans serif font.
Still there is a specificity of font Courier. Usually, letters have different widths -
i less than
w,
p less than
s. In the courier font, all the letters occupy the same, so it's easy to build a table where the characters will exactly fall one below the other. You can simply set the
<pre> </pre>
Encodings
Unfortunately, today we do not have a single encoding.
The fact is that in the beginning we could not afford such voluminous fonts as Unicode. Because there were 256 characters - the first half is the same for everyone, and the second one for each country. But what if I send something in Russian abroad? This is where the whole mess began, a huge number of different encodings.
Cyrillic encodings:
- utf-8
- KOI8-R
- 8859-5
- Cyrillic DOS - CP-866
- IBM-855
- ISO-IR-111
- MacCynllic
- Cyrillic/Ukraine - KOI8-U
- Cyrillic/Ukraine - MacUkrainian
- Unicode - UTF-8
I prefer to use utf-8 because I, like the majority of Windows, and so that there is no problem when copying text and inserting it from one document to another, it's better to use a single encoding.
When I send an email abroad, I prefer KOI8-R because foreign is not utf-8, but Windows-1250 or Windows-1252, for example.
By the way, here's a tip that will help if you have problems with encoding.
- Press Start/Run (keys - Windows + R), type regedit, press Enter.
- Open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ Nls \ CodePage
- Press 1250 and enter c_1251.nls instead of c_1250.nls
- Press 1252 and type c_1251.nls instead of c_1252.nls
In many cases it helps.
But first you need to have a Russian language and a Russian region.
- Control Panel
- Regional and Languadge Options
- Regional Options
- Standarts and formats and Location - it is responsible for what kind and in what language the date, time is written, what measures of length are used and so on. We exhibit Russian.
- The second option in the "Location" section is responsible for system fonts. Choose Russia.
